In a recent study published in Obesity, researchers evaluated associations between body mass index (BMI) in young men and the emergence of new site-specific tumors to estimate population-attributable fractions (FAPs) due to BMI in the projected prevalence of obesity.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has linked obesity to tumors of the esophagus, gastric cardia, colon and rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, thyroid and myeloma in men.
However, evidence for associations in adolescents and young adults is limited, although it is consistent with effects in older adults. Additional research may shed light on the prevention and control of obesity at all ages.
In the population-based cohort study, researchers evaluated the relationships between body mass index and the occurrence of site-specific tumors in young men, taking into account cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and smoking.
They also decided on tumor-site-specific FAPs of obese and obese men, based on past and existing prevalences of obesity and obesity among young Swedes and Americans.
Weight and height were assessed at age 18 in a Swedish national observational study to calculate BMI, and people were classified as underweight (less than 18. 5 kg per m2), obese (between 25 and 29. 9 kg per m2) or obese. equal to or greater than 30 kg consistent with m2).
From 1968 to 2005, male participants between the ages of 16 and 25 participated in the recruitment examination. We excluded people who were diagnosed with tumors before or within five years of military recruitment and who died or emigrated within five years of recruitment.
The Swedish Army’s compulsory military service register is used to identify recruits. Knowledge on tumour diagnosis was acquired from the Swedish National Patient Register and the Causes of Death Register. International Classification of Disease Codes, eighth, ninth and tenth revisions (ICD-8, nine and 10). , were used to designate site-specific tumors.
At the time of recruitment, knowledge of CRF was assessed as maximal aerobic effort in ergometer bike tests. Study participants were followed until they were diagnosed with a tumor, died, migrated for the first time after recruitment, or until the end of December 31, 2019. whichever comes first.
Cox proportional hazard regression model used to calculate hazard indices (HR) for linear relationships for BMI, with age, year, position of compulsory military service, and parental schooling as variables.
In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate points of confounding such as cardiorespiratory fitness and smoking. In addition, ad hoc sensitivity research was conducted to assess the effect of cognitive prestige on outcomes.
The main investigation involved 1,489,115 men; the average age of recruiting participants is 18 and the average BMI is 22, and two percent of Americans have a BMI of 30 or higher.
Obesity has increased over time, from 1 percent between 1968 and 1979 to 4 percent between 1990 and 2005, with a declining prevalence of a body mass index below 20, an increasing prevalence of a body mass index greater than 25, and a consistent prevalence of body mass index between 20 and 24. 9.
Obese men had a higher risk of high blood pressure, poorer cognitive abilities, and less knowledgeable fathers than their peers. Underweight and obese men were more likely to smoke and had lower cardiorespiratory fitness than their normal-weight peers.
During a follow-up of 31 years (average), 78,217 tumors evolved. The average age of participants at the time of tumor diagnosis ranged from 39 years (Hodgkin lymphoma) to 59 years (prostate tumors).
BMI showed linear associations with the occurrence of site-specific tumors for the 18 tumors evaluated (leukemia; malignant melanoma; Hodgkin’s lymphoma; myeloma; non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; and tumors of the head and neck, lung, thyroid and central nervous system (CNS), stomach, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, rectum, colon, bladder, and kidney), in some cases evident with body mass index values denoting total weight (between 20 and 25 kg per m2).
A higher BMI is associated with a reduced risk of prostate tumor. Some gastrointestinal malignancies have higher RH and FAP.
Smoking was associated with a lower risk of prostate tumors and malignant melanoma, but an increased risk of tumors in some locations, including the head and neck, esophagus, lungs, pancreas, stomach, liver, bladder and gallbladder. By controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness, the associations between body mass index and tumor threat increased.
After adjusting for CRF, the most serious confounding factor is based on the known cardiorespiratory fitness of lung tumors in underweight men. HR values for obesity and obesity are higher for several tumor sites, namely gastrointestinal malignancies.
In stratified analyses using CRF at the time of recruitment.
The relationship between body mass index and tumors of the central nervous system, pancreas, thyroid, and leukemia is physically stronger in men with moderate to high CKD than in those with low cardiorespiratory fitness.
Adjustments in cognitive abilities and muscle strength at the time of recruitment did not influence the results. Based on existing and past prevalences of obesity and obesity in the formative years in the United States and Sweden, FAP for gastrointestinal tumors ranks highest.
Overall, the results of the study confirm the IARC-reported links between higher BMI in adulthood and an increased risk of site-specific malignancies, as well as organ tumors, and demonstrate that these relationships are independent of CRF.
In addition, they discovered a link between a child’s BMI and the threat of leukemia, myeloma, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and tumors in the lung tissue, bladder, and central nervous system.
The effects come with FAP estimates that take into account the global obesity pandemic. If existing trends continue, immediate action will be needed to combat the obesity pandemic and prepare the health formula for an increase in tumour cases.
Onerup, A. , Mehlig, K. , af Geijerstam, A. , et al. (2023) Associations between BMI in young people and localized cancer in men: a cohort with registry linkage. Obesity (Silver Spring); 1-14. Is that what I: 10. 1002/oby. 23942. https://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1002/oby. 23942
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